Publications
The 10 Most Cited Mirkin Scientific Papers
Mirkin, C. A.; Letsinger, R. L.; Mucic, R. C.; Storhoff, J. J.
“A DNA-Based Method for Rationally Assembling Nanoparticles into Macroscopic Materials,”
Nature, 1996, 382, 607-609.
8694 citations
Rosi, N. L.; Mirkin, C. A.
“Nanostructures in biodiagnostics,”
Chemical Reviews, 2005, 105, 1547-1562.
5990 citations
Elghanian, R.; Storhoff, J. J.; Mucic, R. C.; Letsinger, R. L.; Mirkin, C. A.
“Selective Colorimetric Detection of Polynucleotides Based on the Distance-Dependent Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles,”
Science, 1997, 277, 1078- 1081.
5858 citations
Piner, R. D.; Zhu, J.; Xu, F.; Hong, S.; Mirkin, C. A.
“Dip-Pen Nanolithography,”
Science, 1999, 283, 661- 663.
4372 citations
Jin, R.; Cao, Mirkin, C. A.; Kelly, K. L.; Schatz, G. C; Zheng, J. G.
“Photoinduced Conversion of Silver Nanospheres to Nanoprisms,”
Science, 2001, 294, 1901- 1903.
4413 citations
Cao, Y. W. C.; Jin, R. C.; Mirkin, C. A.
“Nanoparticles with Raman spectroscopic fingerprints for DNA and RNA detection,”
Science, 2002, 297, 1536-1540.
4011 citations
Taton, T. A.; Mirkin, C. A.; Letsinger, R. L.
“Scanometric DNA Array Detection with Nanoparticle Probes,”
Science, 2000, 289, 1757- 1760.
3385 citations
Nam, J. M.; Thaxton, C. S.; Mirkin, C. A.
“Nanoparticle-Based Bio-Bar Codes for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Proteins,”
Science, 2003, 301, 1884-1886.
3286 citations
Giljohann, D. A.; Seferos, D. S.; Daniel, W. L.; Massich, M. D.; Patel, P. C.; Mirkin, C. A.
“Gold Nanoparticles for Biology and Medicine,”
Angewandte Chemie, 2010, 49, 3280-3294.
3041 citations
Storhoff, J. J.; Elghanian, R.; Mucic, R. C.; Mirkin, C. A.; Letsinger, R. L.
“One-Pot Colorimetric Differentiation of Polynucleotides with Single Base Imperfections Using Gold Nanoparticle Probes,”
JACS, 1998, 120, 1959- 1964.
2975 citations
Updated: January 1st, 2026. Citations counts provided by Google Scholar.
Discoveries Featured In Science
Elghanian, R.et al. “Selective Colorimetric Detection of Polynucleotides Based on the Distance-Dependent Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles,” Science, 1997, 277, 1078-1081, doi: 10.1126/science.277.5329.1078.
Piner, R. D. et al “Dip Pen Nanolithography,” Science, 1999, 283, 661-663, doi: 10.1126/science.283.5402.661.
Hong, S.; Zhu, J.; Mirkin, C. A. “Multiple Ink Nanolithography: Toward a Multiple-Pen Nano-plotter,” Science, 1999, 286, 523-525, doi: 10.1126/science.286.5439.523.
Mirkin, C. A. “Tweezers for the Nanotool Kit,” Science, 1999, 286, 2095- 2096, doi: 10.1126/science.286.5447.2095.
Hong, S. H.; Mirkin, C. A. “A Nanoplotter with Both Parallel and Serial Writing Capabilities,” Science, 2000, 288, 1808-1811, doi: 10.1126/science.288.5472.1808.
Taton, T. A.; Mirkin, C. A.; Letsinger, R. L. “Scanometric DNA Array Detection with Nanoparticle Probes,” Science, 2000, 289, 1757-1760, doi: 10.1126/science.289.5485.1757.
Jin, R.; Cao, Y.-W.; Mirkin, C. A. et al. “Photoinduced Conversion of Silver Nanospheres to Nanoprisms,” Science, 2001, 294, 1901-1903, doi: 10.1126/science.1066541.
Park, S.-J.; Taton, T. A.; Mirkin, C. A. “Array-Based Electrical Detection of DNA with Nanoparticle Probes,” Science, 2002, 295, 1503-1506, doi: 10.1126/science.1067003.
Lee, K. B.; Park, S.-J.; Mirkin, C. A.; Smith, J. C.; Mrksich, M. “Protein Nanoarrays Generated by Dip-Pen Nanolithography,” Science, 2002, 295, 1702-1705, doi: 10.1126/science.1067172.
Demers, L. M.; Ginger, D. S.; Park, S.-J. et al. “Direct Patterning of Modified Oligonucleotides on Metals and Insulators by Dip-Pen Nanolithography,” Science, 2002, 296, 1836-1838, doi: 10.1126/science.1071480.
Cao, Y. W. C.; Jin, R. C.; Mirkin, C. A. “Nanoparticles with Raman Spectroscopic Fingerprints for DNA and RNA Detection,” Science, 2002, 297, 1536-1540, doi: 10.1126/science.297.5586.1536.
Nam, J.-M.; Thaxton, C. S.; Mirkin, C. A. “Nanoparticle-Based Bio-Bar Codes for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Proteins,” Science, 2003, 301, 1884-1886, doi: 10.1126/science.1088755.
Park, S.; Lim, J.–H.; Chung, S.W.; Mirkin, C.A. “Self-Assembly of Mesoscopic Metal-Polymer Amphiphiles,” Science, 2004, 303, 348-351, doi: 10.1126/science.1093276.
Liu, X. G.; Zhang, Y.; Goswami, D. K. et al. “The Controlled Evolution of a Polymer Single Crystal,” Science, 2005, 307, 1763-1766, doi: 10.1126/science.1109487.
Qin, L. D.; Park, S.; Huang, L.; Mirkin, C. A. “On-Wire Lithography (OWL),” Science, 2005, 309, 113-115, doi: 10.1126/science.1112666.
Rosi, N. L.; Giljohann, D. A.; Thaxton, C. S. et al. “Oligonucleotide-Modified Gold Nanoparticles for Intracellular Gene Regulation,” Science, 2006, 312, 1027-1030, doi: 10.1126/science.1125559.
Huo, F. W.; Zheng, Z. J.; Zheng, G. F; Giam, L. R.; Zhang, H.; Mirkin, C. A. “Polymer Pen Lithography,” Science, 2008, 321, 1658-1660, doi: 10.1126/science.1162193.
Yoon, H. J.; Kuwabara, J.; Kim, J.-H.; Mirkin, C. A. “Allosteric Supramolecular Triple-Layer Catalysts,” Science, 2010, 330, 66-69, doi: 10.1126/science.1193928.
Macfarlane, R.; Lee, B.; Jones, M.; Harris, N.; Schatz, G.; Mirkin, C. A. “Nanoparticle Superlattice Engineering with DNA,” Science, 2011, 334, 204-208, doi: 10.1126/science.1210493.
Langille, M. R.; Zheng, J.; Personick, M. L.; Mirkin, C. A. “Stepwise Evolution of Spherical Seeds into 20-Fold Twinned Icosahedra,” Science, 2012, 337, 954-957, doi: 10.1126/science.1225653.
Gates, Jr., S. J.; Mirkin, C. A. “Engage to Excel,” Science, 2012, 335, 1545, doi: 10.1126/science.1222058.
Macfarlane, R. J.; Jones, M. R.; Lee, B.; Auyeung, E.; Mirkin, C. A. “Topotactic Interconversion of Nanoparticle Superlattices,” Science, 2013, 341, 1222-1225, doi: 10.1126/science.1241402.
Jensen, S. A.; Day, E. S.; Ko, C. H. et al. “Spherical Nucleic Acid Nanoparticle Conjugates as an RNAi-Based Therapy for Glioblastoma,” Science Trans. Med., 2013, 5, 209ra152, doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006839, PMCID: PMC4017940.
Jones, M. R.; Seeman, N. C.; Mirkin, C. A. “Programmable Materials and the Nature of the DNA Bond,” Science, 2015, 347, 1260901, doi: 1126/science.1260901.
Kim, Y et al. “Transmutable nanoparticles with reconfigurable surface ligands,” Science, 2016, 351, 579-582, doi: 10.1126/science.aad2212.
Chen, P. C. et al. “Polyelemental nanoparticle libraries,” Science, 2016, 352, 1565-1569, doi: 10.1126/science.aaf8402.
Lin, H. et al. “Clathrate Colloidal Crystals,” Science, 2017, 335, 931-935, doi: 10.1126/science.aal3919.
Lin, Q.-Y. et al. “Building Superlattices from Individual Nanoparticles via Template-Confined DNA-mediated Assembly,” Science, 2018, 359, 669-672, doi: 10.1126/science.aaq0591.
Chen, P.-C. et al. “Interface and Heterostructure Design in Polyelemental Nanoparticles,” Science, 2019, 363, 959-964. doi: 10.1126/science.aav4302
Girard, M. et al. “Particle Analogs of Electrons in Colloidal Crystals,” Science, 2019, 364, 1174-1178, doi: 10.1126/science.aaw8237.
Huang, L. et al. “Shape regulation of high-index facet nanoparticles by dealloying,” Science, 2019, 365, 1159-1163. doi: 10.1126/science.aax5843.
Walker, D. A.; Hedrick, J. L.; Mirkin, C. A. “Rapid, large-volume, thermally controlled 3D printing using a mobile liquid interface,” Science, 2019, 366, 360-364, doi: 10.1126/science.aax1562.
Carolin B. Wahl et al.”Machine learning–accelerated design and synthesis of polyelemental heterostructures”.Sci. Adv.7,eabj5505(2021).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.abj5505
Yuanwei Li et al. “Corner-, edge-, and facet-controlled growth of nanocrystals”. Sci. Adv.7,eabf1410(2021).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.abf1410
Yuanwei Li et al., “Ultrastrong colloidal crystal metamaterials engineered with DNA”. Sci. Adv.9,eadj8103(2023).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adj8103
Wenjie Zhou et al. “Space-tiled colloidal crystals from DNA-forced shape-complementary polyhedra pairing”.Science383,312-319(2024).DOI:10.1126/science.adj1021
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Zhenyu Han et al.”Reversible strain-promoted DNA polymerization.Sci. Adv.10,eado8020(2024).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.ado8020
Chad Mirkin et al. “Energy transition needs new materials”.Science 384, 713-713(2024). DOI:10.1126/science.adq3799
Zhiwei Li et al., DNA-mediated assembly of Au bipyramids into anisotropic light emitting kagome superlattices.Sci. Adv.10,eadp3756(2024).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adp3756
Zhenyu Han et al., “Biomineralization of semiconductor quantum dots using DNA-functionalized protein nanoreactors”.Sci. Adv.11,eadv6906(2025).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adv6906
Yuanwei Li et al., Cocrystals combining order and correlated disorder via colloidal crystal engineering with DNA.Sci. Adv.11,eadu4919(2025).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adu4919
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Tong Cai et al., “Creating chromaticity palettes and identifying white light emitters through nanocrystal megalibraries”.Sci. Adv.11,eads4453(2025).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.ads4453
Discoveries Featured In Nature
Mirkin, C. A.; Letsinger, R. L.; Mucic, R. C; Storhoff, J. J. “A DNA-based method for rationally assembling nanoparticles into macroscopic materials,” Nature, 1996, 382, 607-609, doi: 10.1038/382607a0.
Mirkin, C. A.; Taton, T.A. “Semiconductors Meet Biology,” Nature,2000, 405, 626-627, doi: 10.1038/35015190.
Taton, T. A.; Mirkin, C. A. “Haplotyping by Force,” Nature Biotechnology,2000, 18, 713, doi: 10.1038/77267.
Jin, R. C.; Cao, Y. C.; Hao, E. C.; Metraux, G. S.; Schatz, G. C.; Mirkin, C. A. “Controlling anisotropic nanoparticle growth through plasmon excitation,” Nature, 2003, 425, 487-490, doi: 10.1038/nature02020.
Thaxton, C. S.; Mirkin, C. A. “Plasmon Coupling Measures Up,” Nature Biotech, 2005, 23, 681-682, doi: 10.1038/nbt0605-681.
Oh, M.; Mirkin, C. A. “Chemically Tailorable Colloidal Particles From Infinite Coordination Polymers,” Nature, 2005, 438, 651-654, doi: 10.1038/nature04191.
Hill, H. D.; Mirkin, C. A. “The Bio-Barcode Assay for the Detection of Protein and Nucleic Acid Targets Utilizing Dithiothreitol Induced Ligand Exchange,” Nature Protocols, 2006, 1, 324-336, doi: 10.1038/nprot.2006.51.
Dipp, M.; Westphal, C.; Mirkin, C. A.; Baker, J.; Harper, T.; Harris, C. “Keeping It Real with Investors,” Nature Biotechnology, 2006, 24, 133-135, doi: 10.1038/bioent899.
Salaita, K.; Wang, Y. H.; Mirkin, C. A. “Applications of Dip-Pen Nanolithography,” Nature Nanotech., 2007, 2, 145-155, doi: 10.1038/nnano.2007.39.
Park, S. Y.; Lytton-Jean, A. K. R.; Lee, B. et al. “DNA-Programmable Nanoparticle Crystallization,” Nature, 2008, 451, 553-556, doi: 10.1038/nature06508.
Giljohann, D. A.; Mirkin, C. A. “Tiny Tiles, Tiny Targets,” Nature Biotechnol., 2008, 26, 299-300, doi: 10.1038/nbt0308-299.
Banholzer, M. J.; Qin, L. D.; Millstone, J. E. et al. “On-Wire Lithography: Synthesis, Encoding, and Biological Applications,” Nature Protocols, 2009, 4, 838-848, doi: 10.1038/nprot.2009.52, PMCID: PMC3918426.
Braunschweig, A. B.; Huo, F. W.; Mirkin, C. A. “Molecular Printing,” Nature Chem., 2009, 1, 353-358, doi: 10.1038/nchem.258, PMCID: PMC3936963.
Giljohann, D. A. and Mirkin, C. A. “Drivers of Biodiagnostic Development,” Nature, 2009, 462, 461-464, doi: 10.1038/nature08605, PMCID: PMC3936986.
Huo, F.; Zheng, G.; Liao, X. et al. “Beam Pen Lithography,” Nature Nanotechnol., 2010, 5, 637-640, doi: 10.1038/nnano.2010.161.
Jones, M. R.; Macfarlane, R. J.; Lee, B. et al. “DNA-Nanoparticle Superlattices Formed From Anisotropic Building Blocks,” Nature Mater., 2010, 9, 913-917, doi: 10.1038/nmat2870.
Shim, W.; Braunschweig, A. B.; Liao, X.; et al. “Hard-Tip, Soft-Spring Lithography,” Nature, 2011, 469, 516-520, doi: 10.1038/nature09697.
Spokoyny, A. M.; Machan, C. W.; Clingerman, D. J, et al. “A Coordination Chemistry Dichotomy for Icosahedral Carborane-Based Ligands,” Nature Chem., 2011, 3, 590-596, doi: 10.1038/nchem.1088.
Huang, X.; Li, S. Z.; Huang, Y. Z. et al. “Synthesis of Hexagonal Close-Packed Gold Nanostructures,” Nature Commun., 2011, 2, 292, doi: 10.1038/ncomms1291.
Jones, M. R.; Mirkin, C. A. “Self-Assembly Gets New Direction,” Nature, 2012, 491, 42-43, doi: 10.1038/491042a.
Auyeung, E.; Cutler, J. I.; Macfarlane, R. J. et al. “Synthetically Programmable Nanoparticle Superlattices Using a Hollow Three-Dimensional Spacer Approach,” Nature Nanotech., 2012, 7, 24-28, doi: 10.1038/nnano.2011.222.
Zhang, C.; Macfarlane, R. J.; Young, K. L.; Choi, C. H. J.; Hao, L.; Auyeung, E.; Liu, G. Zhou, X.; Mirkin, C. A. “A General Approach to DNA-Programmable Atom Equivalents,” Nature Materials, 2013, 12, 741-746, doi: 10.1038/nmat3647.
Liao, X.; Brown, K. A.; Schmucker, A. L. et al. “Desktop Nanofabrication with Massively Multiplexed Beam Pen Lithography,” Nature Comm., 2013, 4, 2103, doi: 10.1038/ncomms3103, PMCID: PMC3807695.
Liu, Z.; Frasconi, M.; Lei, J. et al. “Selective isolation of gold facilitated by second-sphere coordination with α-cyclodextrin,” Nature Comm., 2013, 4, 1855, doi: 10.1038/ncomms2891, PMCID: PMC3674257.
Eichelsdoerfer, D.J.; Liao, X.; Cabezas, M.D. et al. “Large-Area Molecular Patterning with Polymer Pen Lithography,” Nature Protocols, 2013, 8, 2548-2560, doi: 10.1038/nprot.2013.159.
Auyeung, E.; Li, T.I.N.G; Senesi, A.J.; et al. “DNA-mediated nanoparticle crystallization into Wulff polyhedra,” Nature, 2014, 505, 73-77, doi: 10.1038/nature12739.
Kelley, S. O.; Mirkin, C. A.; Walt, D. R. et al. “Advancing the Speed, Sensitivity and Accuracy of Biomolecular Detection using Multi-Length-Scale Engineering,” Nature Nanotechnology, 2014, 9, 969-980, doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.261, PMCID: PMC4472305.
Lifschitz, A. M.; Young, R. M.; Mendez-Arroyo, J. et al. “An Allosteric Photoredox Catalyst Inspired by Photosynthetic Machinery,” Nature Communications, 2015, 6, 6541, doi:10.1038/ncomms7541, PMCID: PMC4389231.
Ozel, T.; Bourret, G. R.; Mirkin, C. A. “Coaxial Lithography,” Nature Nanotechnology, 2015, 10, 319-324, doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.33.
O’Brien, M. N.; Jones, M. R.; Lee, B.; Mirkin, C. A. “Anisotropic Nanoparticle Complementarity in DNA-Mediated Cocrystallization,” Nature Materials, 2015, 14, 833-839 doi: 10.1038/nmat4293.
Ross, M. R.; Ku, J. C.; Vaccarezza, V. M.; Schatz, G. C.; Mirkin, C. A. “Nanoscale Form Dictates Mesoscale Function in Plasmonic DNA-nanoparticle Superlattices,” Nature Nanotechnology, 2015, 10, 453-458, doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.68.
Padmos, J. D.; Personick, M.; Tang, Q.; et al., “The Surface Structure of Silver-coated Gold Nanocrystals and Its Influence on Shape Control,” Nature Comm., 2015, 6, 7664, doi: 10.1038/ncomms8664, PMCID: PMC4510708.
Brown, K. A.; He, S.; Eichelsdoerfer, D. J. et al. “Giant Conductivity Switching of LaAIO3/SrTiO3 Heterointerfaces Governed By Surface Protonation,” Nature Communications, 2016, 7, doi: 10.1038/ncomms10681.
Seo, S. E.; Girard, M.; Olvera de la Cruz, O.: Mirkin C. A. “Non-equilibrium Anisotropic Colloidal Crystal Growth With DNA,” Nature Communications, 2018, 9, 4558, doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06982-9.
Yeo, D.; Wiraja, C.; Paller, A. S. et al. “Abnormal scar identification with spherical-nucleic-acid technology,” Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2018, 2, 227-238, doi: 10.1038/s41551-018-0218x.
Mirkin, C. A.; Petrosko, S. H. “DNA Enters a New Phase,” Nature Nanotechnology (News and Views), 2018, 13, 624-625, doi: 10.1038/s41565-018-0229-5.
Laramy, C. R.; O’Brien, M. N.; Mirkin, C. A. “Crystal Engineering with DNA,” Nature Reviews Materials, 2019, 4, 201-224, //doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0087-2.
Yamankurt, G.; Berns, E. J.; Xue, A.; et al. “Exploration of the Nanomedicine-design Space with High-Throughput Screening and Machine Learning,” Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2019, 3, 318-327, doi: 10.1038/s41551-019-0351-1, PMCID: PMC6452897.
Nam, K. W.; Park, S. S.; dos Reis, R. et al. “Conductive 2D Metal-Organic Framework for High-Performance Cathodes in Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc Batteries,” Nature Communication, 2019, 10, 4948, doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12857-4.
Mirkin, C. A.; Laramy, C. R.; Skakuj, K. “The Power of Spheres,” Nature, 2019, 576, S3-S7, doi: 10.1038/d41586-019-03713-y.
Wang, S; Park, S. S.; Buru, C. T. et al. “Colloidal Crystal Engineering with Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles and DNA,” Nature Communications, 2020, 11, 2495, doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16339-w.
Wang, S; Lee. S.; Du, J. S. et al. “The emergence of valency in colloidal crystals through electron equivalents,” Nature Materials, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01170-5
Swisher, J.H; Jibril, L; Petrosko, S.H; Mirkin, C. A. “Nanoreactors for Particle Synthesis,” Nature Reviews Materials, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00402-z
Ebrahimi, S. B.; Samanta, D., Kusmierz, C. D.; Mirkin, C. A. “Protein Transfection Via Spherical Nucleic Acids,” Nature Protocols, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-021-00642-x
Lee S, Calcaterra HA, Lee S, Hadibrata W, et al. “Shape memory in self-adapting colloidal crystals” Nature , 2022, Oct;610(7933):674-679. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05232-9
Li Y, Zhou W, Tanriover I, Hadibrata W, et al . “Open Channel metal particle superlattices.” Nature , 2022, Nov;611(7937):695-701. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05291-y
Teplensky, M.H., Evangelopoulos, M., Dittmar, J.W. et al. Multi-antigen spherical nucleic acid cancer vaccines. Nat. Biomed. Eng 7, 911–927 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-022-01000-2
Zhou, W., Lim, Y., Lin, H. et al. Colloidal quasicrystals engineered with DNA. Nat. Mater. 23, 424–428 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-023-01706-x
Ye, Z., Shen, B., Kang, D. et al. A data-driven approach for the guided regulation of exposed facets in nanoparticles. Nat. Synth 3, 922–929 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44160-024-00561-1
Zhang, Y., Xu, D.D., Tanriover, I. et al. Nonlinear optical colloidal metacrystals. Nat. Photon. 19, 20–27 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01558-0
Mirkin, C.A., Mrksich, M. & Artzi, N. The emerging era of structural nanomedicine. Nat Rev Bioeng 3, 526–528 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44222-025-00306-5